Costa Rica, a Central American country, borders Panama to the southeast and Nicaragua to the north. The Pacific Ocean is located in the west of the country, while the Caribbean Sea is in the east. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it is also adjacent to Ecuador because of the Cocos Island National Park. The Spanish equivalent of its name is rich coast. However, it is also known as one of the rare countries in the world that does not have an army.
History
With the discovery of the
New World, very few inhabitants lived in the territory of this country before it became a Spanish colony in the 16th century. Costa Rica, which gained its independence in the 19th century, was a poor country closed to the outside world at that time. Costa Rica completely abolished the army in 1949 after the civil war in 1948. Today, it is one of the most developed, prosperous and stable countries in Latin America.
The high mountain ranges in the country start from the western part of Lake Nicaragua. The east coast is on the line of the Caribbean Sea, and indentations and protrusions are few on these shores. The west coast is on the line of the Pacific Ocean, and these shores have more indentation and protrusion. Coco Island, which is located 480 kilometers from the west coast of the country, also belongs to this country. The slopes extending from the mountainous inland to the coastal plains are extremely steep. The height of Cerro Chirripó Mountain is 3,819 meters, which is the highest point in Costa Rica.
Costa Rica’s coastal plains have a humid equatorial climate, with east alize winds coming to the fore. The central parts are warm, and the higher parts are under the influence of a relatively cold climate. The cold here is not so severe. In coastal places, the temperature is about 25-35 degrees, while in the middle parts it is between 21-27. In the higher sections, the temperature does not exceed 10 degrees. There is no snowfall and the average annual rainfall is 3100-6350 mm.
Coffee production in the country began in 1779. Coffee farms were established in Meseta Central, which had favorable soil and climatic conditions for coffee production. In the 19th century, the Costa Rican government encouraged coffee cultivation. Thus, the state allocated agricultural land free of charge to the people who wanted to produce coffee. Coffee cultivation was an important factor in the country’s history and remains an important detail for the country’s economy today. Coffee production in Costa Rica was 158 thousand tons in 1988. In 1992, it increased to 168 thousand tons. Costa Rica’s most popular places where coffee farms are located are; Cartago, Puntarenas, Heredia, Alajuela and San Jose.
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