Honduras, which shares Central America with Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Guatemala, is the second largest and most populous country in the region. Most of Honduras’ population lives in rural areas. The surface area of the country is 112,492 square kilometers. Its largest city and capital is Tegucigalpa, and the official language is Spanish. Almost all of its population is Christian. It borders Nicaragua to the southeast and north, El Salvador to the southwest, and Guatemala to the west. The country also has coasts to the Caribbean Sea and the South Pacific Ocean.
Honduras has an extremely rich cultural heritage. In the western part of the country there is a region known to be the homeland of the Mayans. It was discovered in 1502 during the voyage of Christopher Columbus. It soon became a colony of the Spaniards. In 1821, it declared its independence together with four Central American states. After this period, many uprisings occurred. The civil war in Honduras lasted for many years. The tropical fruit trade here is highly developed. After the railways were built in the 1870s, the country’s economy developed further.
Most of Honduras’ territory is mountainous. The mountains are located here to the west, and their height is between 2500-2750 meters. In the southern part there are extinct volcanic mountains. The famous Rio Ulua Valley reaches a width of 40 km. A deep depression is found in the central part of Honduras. Almost all of the rivers flow into the Antillean Sea. Honduras has resources such as hydro-energy, fish, coal, antimony, iron, zinc, lead, copper, silver, gold and timber.
The northern coast of the country is low and quite warm here. The south receives little rainfall and the east receives extremely much rainfall. The air of the country is humid and under the influence of the tropical climate. In general, the highest temperature is 32 degrees and the lowest temperature is 20 degrees. September to February is rainy. The months of June and November are dominated by hurricanes.
Coffee production in the country began in the early 19th century with seeds brought from the Caribbean. In the following periods, coffee became an industry under Spanish colonization. After the country gained independence, coffee production developed further. On average, ninety percent of coffee farms in Honduras are small-scale farms. Approximately one million people are employed on these farms.
Honduras ranks seventh among the coffee-producing countries in the world. Many farms cultivate and harvest qualified coffee. The coffee process in the country is carried out by the Instituto Hondureano del Cafe. Honduran Arabica coffees are very diverse. Among them stand out Pacas, Catuai, Typica, Caturra and Bourbon. In coffee production methods, washed processing is the most common technique. Coffees grown in the country often have notes of chocolate, caramel, apricot and tropical fruit.
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