The official name of the country is the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. It is located in the east of the Chindindi Peninsula of Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China in the northern part, Laos and Cambodia in the western part, and the South China Sea in the south. In 1955, it was divided into two different republics, North and South. It was reunited in 1976. It is a mountainous country. The Mekong and Song-Koi deltas here are low plains that are extremely important. The coastal plains of the country are located in the eastern part. A large part of the remaining territory is forested and mountainous.
Vietnam was colonized by France in the 19th century. The peasant people reacted against the French because they were dispossessed of their land. There were occasional nationalist uprisings. However, there was no success from these uprisings. Authority was weakened by Japan’s invasion of the country. The league of the independence movement, Vietminh, proclaimed the republic on September 2, 1945. This pitted France against the Vietnamese communist leader Ho Chi Minh.
Unable to stand against Ho Chi Minh, France surrendered in May 1954. Elections were held in 1956 and Vietnam was divided into two. The communist state of Ho Chi Minh was established in North Vietnam and the French-backed state of Ngo Dinh Diem was established in South Vietnam.
The government in Saigon had the support of the United States. This development led to a proliferation of reactions in the south. The Vietcong front was formed, receiving arms reinforcements from the north. Then a civil war broke out in which the United States was also involved. Even though the American soldiers were technically superior, they were not very lucky in the face of guerrilla tactics because they did not know the geography of the country. In 1968, the Vietcong launched the Tet offensive. In 1973, a ceasefire was declared in the country. Soon after, however, the war resumed. The war ended on April 30, 1975, when the Vietcong captured Saigon.
The country has a long coast to the South China Sea. Its surface area is 331,200 square kilometers. China, Cambodia and Laos border Vietnam. In general, it has a forested and mountainous geography. The Song-Koi and Mekong deltas are important low plains. In the east of the country there are large coastal plains.
The country has a tropical climate. In summer, temperatures in the north do not differ much from those in the south. Temperatures during this period range from 27°C to 38°C. Vietnam often suffers from drought and flooding. The amount of precipitation in the country varies between 1220 mm and 2240 mm per year.
In 1857, Vietnam started coffee production with the influence of the French. Today, one of the most important elements for the country’s economy is coffee cultivation. It is one of the most important Robusta producers in the world. The first coffee production plant in the country was established in 1969 in Dong Nai province with a production capacity of 80 thousand. Since the central parts of Vietnam are plateaus, coffee cultivation and agriculture are carried out intensively here. Robusta coffee accounts for 97% of the coffee production in the country. It is also the second largest coffee producing country in the world after Brazil.
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